|
[Site] Monarch Airlines > Cheap Flights
Monarch Airlines offer cheap flights to a wide range of popular European holiday destinations such as London, Majorca and Barcelona. ...
www.flymonarch.com
, king of France and Navarre (Painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701).]] [News] Monarch Festival This Weekend
Fluttering orange and black -- here and there -- Monarch butterflies have begun their annual convergence on the Texas Hill Country on their flights to wintering homes in Mexico and an event is planned here this weekend to both celebrate the colorful insect, as well as help researchers gather data on their life cycles.
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy, a form of government in which the country or entity usually ruled or controlled by an individual who usually rules for life or until abdication. Monarchs may be autocrats (absolute monarchy) or may be ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no power or only reserve power, with actually authority vested in a parliament or other body (constitutional monarchy). Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present or debilitated. Two monarchs have ruled simultaneously in some countries, as in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta or the joint sovereignty of William and Mary in England and Scotland. [Image] 
metric2.jpg 20-Dec-2006 17:02 4k monarch-NEW-18.JPG 20-Dec-2006 17:02 5k monarch-standard.jpg 20-Dec-2006 17:02 60k monarch1.jpg 20-Dec-2006 17:02 8k
Monarchs are usually entitled king or queen, but are sometimes prince or princess (Sovereign Prince of Monaco), emperor or empress (Emperor of Japan, Emperor of India), or even duke or grand duke (Grand Duke of Luxembourg). Many monarchs are distinguished by various titles and styles. Many take part in certain ceremonies, such as a coronation. [Video] Bey Of The Greater-Amexem, Being-Candid: 2
Monarchy are associated with political or sociocultural in nature hereditary rule; most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family (over a period of time called a dynasty) and trained for future duties. Different systems of succession have been used, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority (Salic law). While traditionally most monarch have been male, female monarchs have also ruled in history; the term queen regnant refers to a ruling monarch, while a queen consort refers to the wife of a reigning king. [Auction] GOLDEN TECHNOLOGIES-Monarch Large Lift Chair
Only $703.0 Some monarchies are non-hereditary. In an elective monarchy, the monarch is elected but otherwise serves as any other monarch. Historical examples of elective monarchy include the Holy Roman Emperors (chosen by prince-electors but often coming from the same dynasty) and the free election of kings of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Modern examples include the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and the pope of the Roman Catholic Church, who serves as Sovereign of the Vatican City State and is elected to a life term by the College of Cardinals. [Post] Secrets Of The Monarch
Secrets Of The Monarch Allison DuBois Inspirational 211 pages copyright: 2007 isbn: 0-7432-9114-x. read more. Monarchies have existed throughout the world, although in recent centuries many states have abolished the monarchy and becomes republics. Advocacy of republics is called republicanism, while advocacy of monarchies is called monarchism. The principal advantage of hereditary monarchy is the immediate continuity of leadership, with a usually short interregnum (as seen in the classic phrase "The King is dead. Long live the King!"). [Book] Monarch Magic!: Butterfly Activities & Nature Discoveries (Williamson Kids Good Times!(Tm).) Williamson Publishing Company
Form of governments may be hereditary without being considered monarchies, such as that of family dictatorships or political familes are present in many democracies. [Site] Monarch Group
New home builder and developer.
www.monarchgroup.net
Etymology
The word monarch () comes from the Greek μόναρχος (from μόνος, "one"/"singular," and ἀρχός, "leader"/"guide"/"chief") which referred to a single, at least nominally absolute ruler. With time, the word has been succeeded in this meaning by others, such as autocrat or dictator. In modern usage the word monarch is generally used when referring to a traditional system of hereditary rulership, with elective monarchies often considered as exceptions.[News] Chieftains can't slow Monarch attack
After taking a 14-7 first quarter lead, Bellevue East saw Papillion-La Vista score 47 unanswered points in a 54-21 Monarch victory Friday night at Foundation Field on the Papillion-La Vista South campus.
Classification
A particular case is the French co-prince of Andorra, a position held by the elected President of France. Nonetheless, he is still generally considered a monarch because of the traditional use of a monarchical title (even though Andorra is, strictly speaking, a diarchy.) Similarly, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia is considered a monarch despite only holding the office for five years at a time. On the other hand, several life-time dictators around the world have not been formally classified as monarchs, but that may be more to do with international political sensitivities than with semantics.[Image] 
Hey, Tom Monarch, this one's for you!
Succession
Hereditary succession within one family has been most common. The usual hereditary succession is based on some cognatic principles and on seniority, though sometimes merit has played a part. Thus, the most common hereditary system in feudal Europe was based on cognatic primogeniture, where a lord was succeeded by his eldest son, and failing sons, by either daughters or by sons of daughters. The system of tanistry was semi-elective and gave weight also to merits and capability. The Quasi-Salic succession provided firstly for male members of the family to succeed, and secondarily males descended from female lines. In most feudal fiefs, females (such as daughters and sisters) were allowed to succeed, should the male line fail, but usually the husband of the heiress became the real lord and most often also received the title, jure uxoris. Great Britain and Spain today continue this model of succession law, in the form of cognatic primogeniture. In more complex medieval cases, the sometimes conflicting principles of proximity and primogeniture battled, and outcomes were often idiosyncratic.[Video] Bey Of the Greater-Amexem, Being-Candid
As the average life span among the nobility increased (thanks to lords limiting their personal participation in dangerous battles, and generally improved sustenance and living conditions among the wealthy), an eldest son was more likely to reach majority age before the death of his father, and primogeniture became increasingly favoured over proximity, tanistry, seniority and election. [Auction] GOLDEN TECHNOLOGIES-Monarch Medium Lift Chair
Only $681.0 Later, when lands were strictly divided among noble families and tended to remain fixed, agnatic primogeniture (practically the same as Salic Law) became more usual: the succession would go to the eldest son of the monarch, or, if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the nearest male relative through the male line, to the total exclusion of females. [Post] The Monarch Butterflies are Migrating
Now we are on the backside of the front and the Monarch butterflies are using the north wind to trek south. It is not unusual to see one or two these days, but on my trip to the mailbox, there were one or two every six feet. ... In some countries however, inheritance through the female line was never wholly abandoned, so that if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the eldest daughter and to her posterity. (This, cognatic primogeniture, was the rule that let Elizabeth II become Queen.) [Book] Hurry and the Monarch Knopf Books for Young Readers
In 1980, Sweden became the first monarchy to declare equal primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, whether female or male, ascends to the throne. [SOU 1977:5 Kvinnlig tronföljd, p.16.] Other kingdoms (the Netherlands in 1983, Norway in 1990, and Belgium in 1991) have since followed suit. [Site] Monarch Ski and Snowboard Resort
Just to the east of Monarch Mountain lies the breathtaking Arkansas River Valley. ... Monarch's friendly staff, all natural snow, and laid back atmosphere add up to ...
www.skimonarch.com
In some monarchies, such as Saudi Arabia, succession to the throne usually first passes to the monarch's next eldest brother, and only after that to the monarch's children (agnatic seniority). In some other monarchies (e.g. Jordan), the monarch chooses who will be his successor, who need not necessarily be his eldest son. [News] Monarch Butterflies Invade Central Texas
A swarm of Monarch butterflies has invaded Central Texas. FOX 7 photojournalist Tim Holcomb caught all the action of the butterflies swarming in southern Travis County.
History
, monarch of Armenia from 95 BC to 55 BC]][Image] 
Monarch ...photo taken at Horseshoe Lake State Park , Madison county in southwestern Illinois .
Monarchs in Africa
A series of Pharaohs ruled Ancient Egypt over the course of three millennia (circa 3150 BC to 31 BC) until it was conquered by the Roman Empire. In the same time period, several kingdoms flourished in the nearby Nubia region.[Video] Case HID chapter overview
Central Africa hosted the Kanem Empire (700 - 1376). [Auction] NIKON 10x56 Monarch ATB Binocular #7518
Only $249.99 In East Africa, the Aksumite Empire and later the Ethiopian Empire (1270-1974) were ruled by a series of monarchs. Haile Selassie, the last Emperor of Ethiopia, was deposed in a communist coup. [Post] auriga: I've seen a ton of monarch butterflies in my backyard, but ...
auriga's status on Wednesday, 15-Oct-08 23:20:45 UTC. Southern Africa was isolated from other cultures until the modern era, but did later feature kingdoms like the Kingdom of Kongo (1400 – 1914). [Book] The Merry Monarch's Wife: The Story of Catherine of Braganza Three Rivers Press
As part of the Scramble for Africa, Europeans conquered, bought, or established African kingdoms and styled themselves as a monarch. [Site] Monarch Products and Services
While Paxar's web site (featuring Monarch® brand products and services) will ... Click here for. Monarch brand Bar Code & RFID Products. Click here for ...
www.monarch.com
Monarchs in Europe
Prince was a common title within the Holy Roman Empire, along with a number of higher titles listed below. Such titles were granted by the Emperor, while the titulation of rulers of sovereign states was generally left to their own discretion, most often choosing King or Queen. Such titulations could cause diplomatic problems, and especially the elevation to Emperor or Empress was seen as an offensive action. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries most small monarchies in Europe disappeared, merging to form larger entities, and so King the most common title for male rulers and Queen has become the most common title today for female rulers.[News] (AFX UK Focus) 2008-10-15 19:46 MONARCH FINANCIAL MORE THAN DOUBLES 3Q NET INCOME AND REPORTS STRONG PROFITS
Copyright Thomson Financial News Limited 2007. All rights reserved. The copying, republication or redistribution of Thomson Financial News Content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Financial News.
Today in Europe, there are seven kingdom, one grand duchy, one duchy [The channel islands are all that remain of the Duchy of Normandy)], one papacy, and three principalities (Liechtenstein, Wales and Monaco), excluding the peculiar case of Andorra and one "Lord of Mann" — the title for the monarch of Isle of Man. [Image] 
monarch on flower this pic was taken on the fly and i didn't rework color or contrast i only modify the resolution to fit on the web!
Monarchs in Asia
In China, "king" is the usual translation for the term wang 王, the sovereign before the Qin dynasty and during the Ten Kingdoms period. During the early Han dynasty, China had a number of small kingdoms, each about the size of a county and subordinate to the Empress or Emperor of China.[Video] Decorator Dream!
The Japanese monarchy is now the only monarchy to still use the title of Emperor. [Auction] Nikon Monarch 4-16x42 Matte Black Rifle Scope 8421 New
Only $385.0
Monarchs in the Americas
The concept of monarchy existed in the Americas long before the arrival of European colonialists.[ Canada: History][ Ferguson, Will; The Lost Kingdom; Macleans, October 27, 2003] When the Europeans arrived they referred to these tracts of land within territories of different aboriginal groups to be kingdoms, and the leaders of these groups were often referred to by the Europeans as Kings, particularly hereditary leaders.[ The Four Indian Kings] Many of the leaders were queens, but this was not understood by the Europeans, who had no knowledge of the indigenous history or languages, much less an understanding of matrilineality[Post] Monarch Butterfly
A beautiful monarch butterfly on the rose bush who stuck around long enough for me to grab my camera, slowly open the window and take a picture. There are quite a few monarchs, other butterflies and bees visiting my backyard because I ... Pre-colonial titles that were used included:
- Cacique - Aboriginal Hispaniola and Borinquen
- Tlatoani - Nahuas
- Ajaw - Maya
- Qhapaq Inka - Tawuantin Suyu (Inca Empire)
- Morubixaba - Tupi tribes
- Sha-quan- King of the world used in some America Indian tribes
[Book] Monarch and Milkweed Atheneum
The first local monarch to emerge in North America after colonization was Augustin I, who declared himself Emperor of Mexico in 1822. Mexico again had an emperor, Maximilian I from 1863 to 1867. In South America, Brazil had a European royal house ruling as emperor between 1822 and 1889, under Emperors Pedro I and Pedro II. [Site] Monarch - The Monarch Advantage
Monarch composite decking and railing systems use a unique color process that produces deck and railing boards that reflect the natural beauty of nature.
www.monarchdeck.com
These American emperors were deposed due to complex issues, including pressure from the highly republican United States, which had declared itself independent of the British monarch in 1776. The British, worried about U.S. colonial expansion, invasion following the American Civil War, and the fact that the U.S. had aided the Mexican republican rebels in overthrowing Maximilian I, pushed for the union of the Canadian provinces into a country in 1867. With Confederation, Canada became a self-governing nation which was considered a kingdom in its own right,[ The Crown in Canada] though it remained subordinate to the United Kingdom; thus, Victoria was monarch of Canada, but not sovereign of it. It was not until the passing of the Statute of Westminster that Canada was considered to be under a distinct Canadian Crown, separate to that the British, and not until 1953 that the Canadian monarch, at the time Elizabeth II, was titled by Canadian law as Queen of Canada. [News] Google's homepage has royal makeover as Queen prepares to visit internet giant's London HQ
The monarch has been given a high-ranking honour with her image appearing on the Google homepage to mark a royal visit.
Between 1931 and 1983 nine other previous British colonies attained independence as kingdoms, all, including Canada, in a personal union relationship under a shared monarch. Therefore, though today there are legally ten American monarchs, one person occupies each distinct position. [Image] 
Monarch butterfly photo cropped using the Square cropping tool
{| class="wikitable sortable"!width="15%" |Male Title!width="15%" |Female Title!width="15%" |Realm!width="15%" |Latin!Examples|-|Emperor|Empress|Empire|Imperator (Imperatrix)|Brazil, Mexico, Sapa Inca|-|King|Queen|Kingdom|Rex (Regina)|Canada, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis|} [Video] East Coast
Titles
The normal monarch title in Europe — i.e., the one used if the monarch has no higher title — is prince or princess, by convention. As an absolute ruler, a monarch can choose a title. However, titles are usually defined by tradition and diplomatic considerations.[Auction] Nikon Monarch 3-12x42 SF BDC Rifle Scope 8420 Matte NEW
Only $367.5 Note that some of these titles have several meanings and do not necessarily designate a monarch. A Prince may be a person of royal blood (some languages uphold this distinction, see Fürst). A Duke may be a British peer. In Imperial Russia, a Grand Duke was a son or grandson of the Tsar or Tsarina. Holders of titles in these alternative meanings did not enjoy the same status as the monarchs of the same title. [Post] 77. A monarch on a Shasta: A knitter in an Altima
Butterfly on a daisy Butterflies were free to fly (fly away) the other day! This is the time of year that the ones left here are basking in the sun and eating as much as they can. Perhaps as a last binge. ~~~ The washer is chugging, ... Within the Holy Roman Empire, there were even more titles that were used occasionally for monarchs although they were normally noble; Margrave, Count Palatine, and Landgrave. A monarch with such a low title still was regarded as more important than a noble Duke. [Book] Secrets of the Monarch: What the Dead Can Teach Us About Living a Better Life Fireside
{| class="wikitable sortable"!width="15%" |Male version!width="15%" |Female version!width="15%" |Realm [Site] Monarch
Offers a line of panic and fire exit door hardware.
www.monarchhardware.com
!width="15%" |Adjective!width="15%" |Latin!Examples|-|-|Emperor|Empress|Empire|imperial|Imperator (Imperatrix)| Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Russia , First and Second French Empire, Austria, Mexico, Brazil, German Empire (none left in Europe after 1918), Empress of India (ceased to be used after 1947 when India was granted independence from the British Empire), Japan (the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world).|-|King|Queen|Kingdom|royal|Rex (Regina)|Common in larger sovereign states|-|Viceroy|Vicereine|Viceroyalty|viceroyal|Proconsul|Historical: Spanish Empire (Peru, New Spain, Rio de la Plata, New Granada), Portuguese Empire, (India, Brazil), British Empire|-|Grand Duke|Grand Duchess|Grand duchy|Grand Ducal|Magnus Dux|Today: Luxembourg; historical: Lithuania, Baden, Finland, Tuscany et al|-|Archduke|Archduchess|Archduchy|archducal|Arci Dux|Historical: Unique only in Austria, Archduchy of Austria; title used for member of the Habsburg dynasty|-|Prince|Princess|Principality, Princely state|princely|Princeps|Today: Monaco, Liechtenstein, Wales[Prince of Wales is a courtesy title given to the eldest son (if there is one) of the King/Queen of Great Britain and Nthn Ireland - he is not a monarch in his own right]; Andorra (Co-Princes). Historical: Albania, Serbia|-|Duke|Duchess|Duchy|ducal|Dux|There are none left currently. Though historical examples include Normandy.|-|Count|Countess|County|countly|Comes|Most common in the Holy Roman Empire, translated in German as Graf; historical: Barcelona, Brandenburg, Baden, numerous others|-|Baron|Baroness|Barony|Baronial|Baro|There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality, however, this is an historical exception; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style|-|Pope|Pope*|Papacy|papal|Papa|Monarch of the Papal States and later Sovereign of the State of Vatican City|} [News] Oaths
Following a General Election, all MPs and peers must take an oath of allegiance to the Monarch before they can take part in the work of Parliament.
The pope is the Bishop of Rome (a celibate office always forbidden to women), in English however, reports of female popes such as (Pope Joan) refer to them as pope and Popess is used, among other things, for the second trump in the Tarot deck; some European languages also have a feminine form of the word pope, such as the Italian papessa, the French papesse, and the German Päpstin [Image] 
Maria's Garden, NJ
Titles by region
When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.[Video] Butterfly on Butterfly Bush
- Africa
- Chieftain - Leader of a people
- Negus - Ethiopia
- Tutsi Mwami - Kings of Rwanda and Burundi
- Oba - Yoruba people of Nigeria
- Eze - Igbo people of Nigeria
- Kabaka - Baganda people of Buganda in Uganda
- Almamy - Fulani people of west Africa
- Omukama - Bunyoro, title of some kings in Uganda
- Asantehene - Ashanti, title of the King of the Ashanti People in Ghana
[Auction] NIKON MONARCH 12X42 ATB WATERPROOF BINOCULARS 7437 NEW
Only $285.0
- Asia
- Arasan/Arasi - Tamil Nadu(India), Sri Lanka
- Veyndhan, ko/Arasi - Tamil Nadu(India)
- Druk Gyalpo — hereditary title given to the king of Bhutan
- Chakrawarti Raja - India Sri Lanka
- Chogyal — "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975
- Engku or Ungku - Malaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty
- Qaghan - Central Asian Tribes
- Hwangje - States that unified Korea
- Wang - States of Korea that do not have control over all of Korea
- Huángdì - Imperial China (Emperor)
- Susuhanan - the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition
- Sultan - Aceh, Brunei Darussalam, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states
- Maha Raja - India Sri Lanka
- Meurah - Aceh before Islam
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
- Sumeramikoto, Okimi - Japan, king
- Tennō or Mikado - Japan
- Shogun - Japanese military dictator, always a Samurai
- Saopha - Shan, king of Shan, today as a part of Myanmar
- Shahinshah or Padshah or Badshah or simply Shah - Emperor of Iran or Hindustan(India)
- Syed or Shariffah - Malaysia, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad; Syed/Sharifah in Perlis if suffixed by the royal clan name, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Wang (King) - pre-Imperial China
- In China, "king" is the usual translation for the term wang 王.
- Emperor of China
- Patabenda - Sub- king Sri lanka
- Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath - King of Cambodia Khmer , the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
- Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua - King of Thailand (Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
- Racha - Thailand same meaning as Raja
- Datu - pre-colonial Philippines
- Raja - pre-colonial Philippines
- Raja - Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Tengku - Malaysia, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Kedah is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Raja - Nepal King
- Rani - Nepali Queen
- Hari - Filipino title for king
[Post] NEW ON DISC: Inspired by a doomed monarch
Rarely does a band make a quantum leap in quality and originality the way Jucifer has with L’Autrichienne.
- Europe
- Arqa/Thagavor - Armenian King
- Germanic king
- Basileus - Greek King
- Despot - Serbia (originating from Byzantium)
- Vezér - Ancient Hungarian
- Fejedelem - Ancient/Medieval Hungarian
- Imperator Tsar / Czar Autocrat - The Ruler of Imperial Russia
- Vojvoda (Serbian)/Vajda (Hungarian) - Serbian/Hungarian/Romany Title
- Domn (in Romanian) /Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) - Medieval Romania (Moldova, Wallachia)
- Rí, Rúirí, Rí Rúireach and Ard Rí - King, local overking, regional King, and High King in pre-Norman Ireland
- Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince") - Kievan Rus'/Serbia
- Kralj- Croatia, Serbia
- Kaiser - Imperial Germany
- Tsar/Tsaritsa - Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia
- Kunigaikshtis (Kunigaikštis) - Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
- Župan sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) - Serbia, Croatia
- Autocrator Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
- Mbret - Albanian King
[Book] Monarch Butterfly of Aster Way (Smithsonian's Backyard) (Smithsonian's Backyard) Soundprints
- Africa and the Middle-East
- Pharaoh - ancient Egypt
- Shah - Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan King
- Shahenshah - Persian/Iranian "King of Kings" or Emperor
- Sheikh - Arabic leader, King or Prince (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE)
- Sultan/Sultana - Arabic King (Oman and Ottoman Empire)
[Site] Monarch Watch
Seeks to involve thousands of students and adults in a cooperative study of the monarch butterfly's fall migration.
monarchwatch.org
- Oceania
- Chieftain - Leader of a tribe or clan.
- Tui or tui - there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, Nauru)
- houeiki, matai, alii, tūlafale, tavana, ariki - usually translated as "chief" in various Polynesian countries.
- "Mo'i" normally translated as King is a title used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.
[News] New Google logo greets the Queen
Search giant designs new Google Doodle Google has added a profile of the Queen's head to its homepage logo in honour of the monarch’s visit to its London office today. A crown sits atop the logo's 'e'.
Current monarchs
NOTE: The table comprises all sovereign monarchs of the world today, but is 'severely incomplete with regard to the non-sovereign monarchs.[Image] 
a href= http://bighugelabs.com/flickr/onblack.php?id=2313188214 amp;size=large View My Favorite Monarch On Black /a A break from Honeymoon Island...a little Orlando Monarch.
{| cellpadding="2"!width="24%" |Name!width="4%" |Born!width="23%" |Title!width="4%" |Since!width="12%" |Royal House!width="15%" |Succession!width="13%" |Heir|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Azlan Shah|1928|Sultan of Perak (in Malaysia)|1984|||Crown Prince Nazrin Shah|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Bhumibol Adulyadej|1927|King of Thailand|1946| Chakri||Maha Vajiralongkorn|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Elizabeth II|1926|Queen of Antigua and Barbuda
Queen of Australia
Queen of the Bahamas
Queen of Barbados
Queen of Belize
Queen of Canada
Paramount Chief of Fiji
Queen of Grenada
Queen of Jamaica
Lord of the Isle of Mann
Queen of New Zealand
Duke of Normandy (Channel Islands)
Queen of Papua New Guinea
Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Queen of Saint Lucia
Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Queen of the Solomon Islands
Queen of Tuvalu
Queen of the United Kingdom|1981
1952
1973
1966
1981
1952
1998
1974
1962
1952
1952
1952
1973
1983
19791979
1978
1978
1952|Windsor|Cognatic primogeniture|The Prince of Wales|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Hassanal Bolkiah|1946|Sultan of Brunei|1967|Bolkiah|Agnatic primogeniture|Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Goodwill Zwelethini|1948|King of the Zulus (in South Africa)|1968||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Qaboos|1940|Sultan of Oman|1970|Sa'id|Hereditary||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Margrethe II|1940|Queen of Denmark|1972|Glucksburg|Cognatic primogeniture|Crown Prince Frederik|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Carl XVI Gustaf|1946|King of Sweden|1973|Bernadotte|Equal primogeniture|Crown Princess Victoria|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Ahmad Shah|1930|Sultan of Pahang (in Malaysia)|1974||Hereditary|Crown Prince Tengku Abdullah|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Shaikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi|1949|Emir of Fujairah (one of the United Arab Emirates)|1974|AL Sharqi|Chosen by the Emir|Sheikh Mohammed Bin Hamad Al Sharqi|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Juan Carlos I|1938|King of Spain|1975|Bourbon|Cognatic primogeniture|The Prince of Asturias|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Ismail Petra||Sultan of Kelantan (in Malaysia)|1979||Hereditary|Crown Prince Tengku Faris Petra|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Beatrix|1938|Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|1980|Orange-Nassau|Equal primogeniture|The Prince of Orange|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Muhammadu Kabir Usman||Emir of Katsina (in Nigeria)|1981||||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Rashid ibn Ahmad Al Mu'alla|1930|Emir of Umm al-Qaiwain (one of the United Arab Emirates)|1981||||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Iskandar|1932|Sultan of Johor (in Malaysia)|1981||Hereditary|Crown Prince Ibrahim Ismail|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Humayd ibn Rashid Al Nuaimi|1931|Emir of Ajman (one of the United Arab Emirates)|1981||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Mswati III|1968|King of Swaziland|1986|Dlamini|||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Sultan ibn Muhammad Al-Qasimi|1939|Emir of Sharjah (one of the United Arab Emirates)|1987||||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|vacant Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto acting|1929|Prince Great Master of the Sovereign Order of Malta|1988||Election by a council||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Hans-Adam II|1945|Prince of Liechtenstein|1989|Liechtenstein|Agnatic-cognatic primogeniture|Hereditary Prince Alois|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Akihito|1933|Emperor of Japan|1989||Agnatic primogeniture|Crown Prince Naruhito|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Harald V|1937|King of Norway|1991|Oldenburg|Equal primogeniture|Crown Prince Haakon|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Muwenda Mutebi II|1955|King of Buganda (in Uganda)|1993||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Albert II|1934|King of the Belgians|1993|Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Equal primogeniture|The Duke of Brabant|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Solomon Gafabusa Iguru|1949|King of Bunyoro-Kitara (in Uganda)|1994||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD||Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani|1950|Emir of Qatar| 1995|Al-Thani|Appointed from within Royal Family|Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Letsie III|1963|King of Lesotho|1996|Seeiso|Appointment by College of Chiefs||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Abdullah II|1962|King of Jordan|1999|Hashemite|Choice by predecessor|Prince Hussein|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Mohammed VI|1963|King of Morocco|1999|Alaouite|Agnatic primogeniture|Prince Moulay Hassan|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|1943|Raja of Perlis (in Malaysia)|2000|Dynasty of Jamalullail|Hereditary|Crown Prince Tuanku Syed Faizzuddin.|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Henri|1955|Grand Duke of Luxembourg|2000|Bourbon-Parma|Cognatic primogeniture|Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Sharafuddin Idris Shah Al-Haj||Sultan of Selangor (in Malaysia)|2001||Hereditary|Crown Prince Tengku Amir Shah.|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Gyanendra|1947|King of Nepal|2001|Shah|Agnatic primogeniture|Crown Prince Paras|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah|1950|King of Bahrain|1999|Al-Khalifa|Agnatic primogeniture|Crown Prince Salman|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Soane Patita Maituku|1947|King of Alo (in Wallis and Futuna, a French territory in the Pacific Ocean)|2002||Chosen by tribe commission||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Joan Enric Vives Sicília|1949|Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra|2003||Appointed||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Visesio Moeliku||King of Sigave (in Wallis and Futuna)|2004||Chosen by tribe commission||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Norodom Sihamoni|1953|King of Cambodia|2004|Norodom|Election by 9-member "throne council"||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan|1948|Emir of Abu Dhabi, President and Sheikh of United Arab Emirates|2004||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Albert II|1958|Prince of Monaco|2005|Grimaldi|Cognatic primogeniture|Hereditary Princess Caroline|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Benedict XVI|1927|Pope of the Catholic Church (Sovereign of the State of Vatican City)|2005||Election by College of Cardinals|Election by College of Cardinals upon death|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Abdullah|1924|King of Saudi Arabia|2005|Saud|Election by family|Crown Prince Sultan|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|1949|Emir of Dubai (one of the United Arab Emirates)|2006||||- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|1929|Emir of Kuwait|2006|Al-Sabah|Appointment by Emir|Sheikh Nawaf|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|George Tupou V|1948|King of Tonga|2006|Tupou|Cognatic primogeniture|'Aho'eitu 'Unuaki'otonga Tuku'aho|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck|1980|King of Bhutan|2006||Cognatic primogeniture|Jigyel Ugyen Wangchuck|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD|rowspan=2 |Mizan Zainal Abidin|rowspan=2 |1962|Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia)|2006||Election among local monarchs||- bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Sultan of Terengganu (in Malaysia)|1998||Hereditary|} [Video] To Princess Diana a Sweet Angel
Use of titles by non-sovereigns
It is not uncommon that people who are not generally seen as monarchs nevertheless use monarchical titles. There are four cases of this:
- Claiming an existing title, challenging the current holder. This has been very common historically. For centuries, the British monarch used, among his other titles, the title King of France, despite the fact that he had had no authority over French territory since the fifteenth century. Such as any one of the numerous antipopes who have claimed the Holy See.
- Retaining the title of an extinct monarchy. This can be coupled with a claim that the monarchy was in fact never, or should never have been, extinct. An example of the first case is the Prince of Seborga. Examples of the second case are several deposed monarchs or otherwise pretenders to thrones of abolished monarchies, e.g., Leka, Crown Prince of Albania who is styled by some as the "King of The Albanians." Retaining the title of an extinct monarchy can, however, be totally free of claims of sovereignty, for example it was customary of numerous European Monarchies to include "King of Jerusalem" in their full titles. When it comes to deposed monarchs, it is customary to continue the usage of their monarchical title (e.g., Constantine II, King of the Hellenes) as a courtesy title, not a constitutional office, for the duration of their lifetime. However the title then dies with them and cannot be used by anyone else unless the crown is restored constitutionally. (Some republicans take offense at this custom, in spite of the fact that the same courtesy is often given to former republican heads of state too – a former U.S. president is usually styled "Mr President" for the rest of his life.) Monarchs who have freely abdicated lose their right to use their former title. However where a monarch abdicated under duress (e.g., Michael I of Romania), it is customary to see the abdication as invalid and to treat them as deposed monarchs entitled to use their monarchical style for their lifetime.
- Inventing a new title. This is common by founders of micronations, and also may or may not come with a claim of sovereignty. When it does, it is disregarded by state leaders. A notable example is Paddy Roy Bates, styling himself the "Prince of Sealand," but not recognized as such by any national government, thus failing at least the constitutive condition for statehood (see Sealand for a fuller discussion of his claims).<
[Auction] Christopher Columbus with Spanish Monarchs Bloc MNH
Only $0.01 [Post] 77. A monarch on a Shasta: A knitter in an Altima
Butterflies were free to fly (fly away) the other day! This is the time of year that the ones left here are basking in the sun and eating as much as they can. Perhaps as a last binge. ~~~... [Book] Monarch Butterfly Holiday House
[Site] Monarch Robe and Towel Index
www.monarchrobe.com
[News] Google UK honours Queen Liz 2.0
Royal visit prompts 'Gawd bless yer Ma'am' logo Google UK is today honouring Her Imperial Majestyness Queen Liz 2.0 with a royal "Google doodle" marking the monarch's visit to the search monolith's London offices.…
[Image] 
[Video] Cathrine the Great
[Auction] Christopher Columbus with Spanish Monarchs Bloc MNH
Only $0.06 [Post] Acoustics Engineers x 2
Monarch Jobs: Tonsberg 30000-90000 Per Annum generous benefits package. [Book] Monarchs (A Gulliver Green Book) Gulliver Books Paperbacks
[News] Nigeria: Edo Nulge Tasks LG Councils on Services
THE National Union of Local Government Employees (NULGE) in Edo State, has appealed to the Benin Monarch, Oba Erediuwa to prevail on the leadership of the Local Government Councils in the state to be sincere and render quality services to the people.
[Image] 
Monardella antonina , Butterfly Mint Bush , this species is very popular with butterflies. Some other flowers that are used by the Monarch butterfly are; Salvia mellifera (Black Sage), Trichostema lanatum (Woolly Blue Curls),
[Video] Hate Eternal I Monarch Music Video
[Auction] 2005 CANADA SILVER MONARCH BUTTERFLY 50 CENT PIECE![]()
Only $49.99 [Post] COGENERATION PROJECTS- MECHANICAL DYNAMIC ENGINEER
Monarch Jobs: Bucharest 60000-90000 Per Annum generous benefits package. [Book] Man ... Mercenary ... Monarch : Royally Wed (Silhouette Special Edition No. 1303) (Special Edition, 1303) Silhouette
[News] Google-doodle do for Queen
The Queen has been incorporated into the homepage logo of internet search engine Google to mark her visit to the company's London HQ. The "Google doodle", which changes periodically to mark national holidays or anniversaries of major events, features a profile of the monarch and a crown.
[Image] 
Diet of the Monarch Butterfly Larva The Monarch butterfly larva feeds on milkweeds. Some of their favorites are the Monarch Milkweed,
[Video] Monarch River Estates Filing 3
[Auction] NIKON 8x36 MONARCH ATB CAMO BINOCULAR #7515
Only $189.99 [Post] Microwave Torture and Stalking: The Movie (140pgs)
One evening as the sun hung just above the tree line I was walking in a small clearing among the oaks near the house when I noticed a giant pod of Monarch butterflies. There were literally thousands that were swarming around and I ... |
